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Tocantins
Tocantins ((:tokɐ̃ˈtʃĩs)) is one of the states of Brazil. (From: Tukã´, ''Toucan'' + tï, ''beak''. lit. "Toucan's beak" in Tupi language). It is the newest of the 26 Brazilian states, formed in 1988 and encompassing what had formerly been the northern two-fifths of the state of Goiás.〔 Tocantins covers and has a population of 1,496,880 (2014 est.).〔 Construction of its capital, Palmas, began in 1989; most of the other cities in the state date to the Portuguese colonial period. With the exception of Araguaia there are few other cities with a significant population in the state. The government has invested in a new capital, a major hydropower dam, railroads and related infrastructure to develop this primarily agricultural area.
Tocantins has attracted hundreds of thousands of new residents, primarily to Palmas. It is building on its hydropower resources. The Araguaia and Tocantins rivers drain the largest watershed that lies entirely inside Brazilian territory. The Rio Tocantins has been dammed for hydropower, creating a large reservoir that has become a center of recreation. Because it is in the central zone of the country, Tocantins has characteristics of the Amazon Basin, and also semi-open pastures, known as ''cerrado''. The Bananal Island (''Ilha do Bananal''), in the southwest of the State, is the largest fluvial island in the world.〔 Tocantins is also home to the Araguaia National Park, the Carajás Indian reservations, and Jalapão state park, which is about from Palmas. There, the rivers create oases in the dry landscape, attracting many ecotourists to the region.
== Geography ==
Tocantins geography is varied. It straddles both the Amazon Rainforest and the coastal savanna. Many rivers (including the Tocantins River) traverse the state. Researchers have identified more than 20 archaeologically significant sites related to indigenous cultures.
Tocantins is bordered to the northeast by the states of Maranhão and Piauí, Bahia to the east, Goiás to the south, Mato Grosso to the west, and Pará to the northwest. Tocantins was created from the northern two-fifths of Goiás state in 1989 and is divided into 139 municipalities.〔〔
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